The core principle
Personas earn their slot by being different from each other. Two personas who evaluate the same flow the same way use up a slot without adding insight. Aim for personas that would reliably disagree.A good starter set (3 personas)
If you’re running tests on a single product, this mix works for most cases:- First-time visitor — never used your product before, tech level 2–3, needs trust signals and clear copy.
- Core user — the persona your product is built for, tech level 3–4, focuses on efficiency and completing their main job.
- Skeptical power user — tech level 4–5, impatient, picks up on inconsistencies and missing shortcuts.
Expanding to a richer set (5 personas)
On Indie, add:- Mobile-only user — accesses the product primarily on a phone. Surfaces responsive, touch-target, and small-screen issues.
- Persona specific to a segment you care about — accessibility-focused user, international user, decision maker vs. end user for B2B, etc.
Expanding on Pro (up to 10)
With Pro’s 10 slots you can cover:- Multiple device contexts (desktop, mobile, tablet).
- Multiple expertise levels in the same role.
- Multiple intent modes (researching, buying, using, troubleshooting).
- Stakeholder personas for B2B (decision maker, end user, admin/buyer).
When to rotate personas
Personas aren’t permanent. Rotate when:- A persona’s reports feel repetitive across tests.
- You’ve shipped fixes for the issues that persona used to catch.
- Your product has shifted to a new audience.
- You want to probe a new segment for a specific project.
How to cover multiple perspectives
Every test runs with a single persona. To evaluate the same flow through more than one lens, run separate tests with different personas and compare the reports side by side in your test history. A common workflow:- Iterating on a flow: run one test with the persona closest to the segment you’re worried about.
- Standard review: run the same scenario twice with two contrasting personas (e.g. first-timer vs. power user).
- Pre-launch or cross-functional review: run three or more tests, each with a persona representing a different segment you want covered.